Does the thought expressed either before or after a dash have to be a complete sentence?

Neither the thought before nor the thought after a dash has to be a complete sentence. Sometimes a dash is used to emphasize a short, initial thought:

Keeping your wits about you‚‚that's the first rule of survival

in an emergency.

A dash can also serve to link particulars to a summary statement:

Fast-moving, assertive, competitive, outspoken, blunt‚‚these

are the characteristics of a director-type personality.

In addition, dashes can link complete sentences:

Such individuals try to shape their environments and

relationships‚‚often they are unsuccessful.